Author: Zuzanna Kwiatkowska

Why does the topic of contamination in pet food still surprise manufacturers and owners?

At first glance, kibble or canned dog food is just… food. However, what is invisible – trace amounts of mycotoxins, heavy metals, pesticide residues, dioxins, or pathogens – can turn a daily meal into a health threat for your animal. That’s why control and analysis are not a luxury, but a fundamental part of the manufacturing and distribution of pet food.

The Scale of the Problem and Why We Can’t Assume “It’s Just Pet Food”

Contaminants in feeds and pet foods come from various sources: plant and animal raw materials can already contain pesticide residues, mycotoxins, or heavy metals when received at the facility; the production process and storage can introduce additional contaminants (e.g. through contact with contaminated packaging, production lines, or improper additives). Additionally, importing raw materials from regions with different agricultural standards increases the risk. The consequences may include acute poisoning, chronic health problems in animals, and also risk to humans in case of improper handling (e.g. contamination with zoonotic bacteria).

Quality control in pet food production must therefore combine the assessment of raw materials, processes, and the finished product – this is not only the responsibility of manufacturers but also analytical laboratories, inspection authorities, and distribution networks. EU and national laws set out frameworks regulating safety requirements for feeds and pet foods.

Main Categories of Contaminants Found in Pet Food

Below is an overview of the most important groups of contaminants – those that most often appear in quality control and have the greatest health significance.

1. Mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, DON, fumonisins)
   Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites of molds (mainly Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium), which may be present in grains, seeds, and plant raw materials used in food. In animals, symptoms depend on the type of mycotoxin, dose, and duration of exposure – from digestive disorders and immune suppression to liver damage and cancer development (e.g. in the case of aflatoxins). The risk is particularly significant in poorly stored raw materials or those harvested under unfavorable weather conditions. Risk assessment institutions (including the European Food Safety Authority – EFSA) continuously monitor the incidence and impact of mycotoxins in the food chain.
2. Heavy metals (lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury)
   Heavy metals may derive from contaminated environments, seeds, fish (e.g. mercury), fertilizers, or mineral additives. Long-term exposure even to low doses can lead to accumulation in the body and result in chronic health problems.
3. Pesticide and insecticide residues
   Chemical residues used in agriculture can enter feeds and food, especially if the raw materials come from intensively cultivated fields. Although many substances have established residue limits, their presence requires monitoring, especially in ingredient blends and with raw materials imported from regions with different agrotechnical practices.
4. Dioxins, PCBs, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
   Substances that are difficult to remove, accumulated in fats – may appear in animal raw materials (e.g. fats, fish meal) as a consequence of incorrectly conducted production processes or environmental contamination. They have the potential for long-term toxic effects – including carcinogenic and immunotoxic effects. Studies and risk assessments in the EU also include these groups of contaminants.
5. Biological contaminants: bacteria, molds, and viruses
   Salmonella, Listeria, E. coli, or some parasites may end up in food, especially in wet products or under poor thermal processing and packaging conditions. The threat concerns both animal health (acute infections) and – when it comes to specific pathogens – human health through handling food. Hence the requirements for hygiene and appropriate testing before releasing a product onto the market.
6. Adulteration (e.g. melamine)
   Examples from the past show that adding substances to “enhance” nutritional value (specifically “protein content”) can lead to serious health crises. Reliable testing of composition and identification of protein sources are thus extremely important in this context.

Legal Framework: Which Regulations Apply to Pet Food?

Pet food is formally classified as feed. In the European Union, the main legislation producers should be aware of includes, among others, regulations covering feed hygiene, market placement requirements, and limits for certain contaminants. Key elements:

• Regulations on the marketing and use of feed (including Regulation (EC) No 767/2009) – sets out general rules on placing feed on the market, labeling, and user information.
• Regulations concerning feed hygiene and production requirements (including Regulation (EC) No 183/2005 and guidelines for its application). These regulations set obligations related to HACCP systems, registration, and inspection of feed producing plants.
• Acts setting maximum levels of certain contaminants (e.g. Directive 2002/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 May 2002 laying down maximum levels for undesirable substances in animal feed, including aflatoxin B1, dioxins, or metals). Commission rules set limits for specific contaminants, and EFSA provides scientific risk assessment.

In Poland, the classification, supervision, and detailed implementation rules for feed law are supplemented by national institutions (e.g. Veterinary Inspection) – manufacturers and distributors are advised to be familiar with local guidelines and inspection practices.

Research Methods: How Do We Test for Contaminants and Why Does It Work?

Laboratories analyzing pet food use a wide range of techniques. The choice of method depends on the goal of the analysis (quantitative/qualitative), type of matrix (dry food, canned, raw material), and required sensitivity.

1. LC-MS/MS (high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry)
   A commonly used method for detecting and quantifying mycotoxins, pesticide residues, and a range of toxic metabolites. LC-MS/MS is highly sensitive, selective, and allows simultaneous determination of multiple analytes. It is the “method of choice” for testing pesticide and toxin residues.
2. GC-MS and GC-MS/MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry or tandem mass spectrometry)
   Suitable for the determination of volatile and semivolatile substances and some organic contaminants (e.g. PAHs). Often used in the analysis of pesticide residues or compounds formed during technological processes.
3. ICP-MS / ICP-OES (atomic plasma techniques)
   Used to determine heavy metals at very low concentrations (Pb, Cd, As, Hg). ICP-MS provides the sensitivity needed to assess compliance with permissible levels.
4. Microbiological and molecular methods (culture, PCR, rapid detection methods)
   For detecting Salmonella, Listeria, or other pathogens, both classical cultures and rapid PCR/real-time PCR tests are used, which allow fast identification and confirmation of results. Production hygiene control also requires regular environmental and finished product testing.

The GMP+ system is one of the most recognized and rigorous standards in the European feed sector. It covers both quality requirements and complete safety across the supply chain – from raw materials, through production, to transport and storage. It is not only a set of procedures, but a comprehensive risk management system aimed at one goal: guaranteeing that animal feed is free from chemical, physical, and microbiological hazards.

That’s why it’s so important that the J.S. Hamilton laboratory is officially registered in the GMP+ system for the identification of critical chemical contaminants. This registration confirms that our testing methods, equipment, validation processes, and team competence meet or exceed industry standards. Critical chemical contaminants in the GMP+ system include:

• Aflatoxin B1
• Dioxins
• Dioxin-like PCBs
• Non-dioxin-like PCBs
• Heavy metals: cadmium, arsenic, lead, mercury
• Fluorine
• Pesticides

In the area of other chemical contaminants, accreditation in accordance with the standard is required.

In practice, this means that our clients can benefit from tests that are accepted in international feed trade and provide a solid foundation for compliance with legal requirements and quality audits. GMP+ is a real guarantee of safety that we build together at every stage of our analyses.

Practical Example: How a Laboratory Verifies Suspected Mycotoxin Contamination

1. Receipt of samples at the laboratory – delivering a representative sample is key (adequate amount, correct collection method, and transport conditions)
2. Performing analyses – quantitative determination using appropriate analytical techniques
3. Test report – in addition to the results, comparison to criteria set out in law is possible.

This scheme enables fast and reliable determination of whether a problem exists, its scope, and action steps to undertake.

Conclusions – What Does This Mean for Manufacturers, Distributors, and Pet Owners?

1. There is no such thing as “zero risk”- what we have is risk management. Raw material control, regular testing, proper hygiene systems (HACCP/GMP), and cooperation with an accredited laboratory are the foundation. EU and national regulatory frameworks set minimum requirements; best practices must go further.
2. Raw materials are where the fight for safety truly begins. Supplier control, certificates, monitoring of seasonal materials, and a plan for preliminary tests minimize the risk of contaminants entering the process.
3. Laboratory testing = certainty of action. Using appropriate analytical methods (LC-MS/MS, GC-MS, GC-MS/MS, ICP-MS, PCR) allows for a reliable assessment and helps avoid false alarms.
4. Transparency and communication with the customer build trust. Access to test results (e.g. as part of contractor audits) and swift response in case of a problem are elements of responsible market strategy.

Solution: Specific Steps That Can Be Implemented in a Month, Quarter, and Year
Below is a practical action plan for pet food manufacturers who want to reduce contamination risk and demonstrate this to customers.

Within 1 month (quick operational actions):

• Ensure sampling procedures are up to date and staff are trained – a representative sample is 50% of analytical success.
• Create a list of critical raw materials and run laboratory tests for the most important ones.
• Check supplier documentation and request analytical certificates for new batches.

Within 3 months (systematics and monitoring):

• Develop a periodic testing plan (e.g. quarterly LC-MS/MS tests for selected mycotoxins and ICP-MS for metals).
• Order an audit of production and storage hygiene (drying conditions, humidity, inventory rotation).
• Establish procedures for handling non-compliant results (e.g. batch quarantine, supply chain tracing, communication with customers and authorities).

Within 12 months (strategy and communication):

• Implement a quality system compliant with relevant standards (e.g. GMP+, own safety KPIs).
• Maintain cooperation with an accredited laboratory (e.g. contract test program, rapid reporting, assistance with result interpretation).
• Be transparent toward clients: publish selected results and describe control procedures (this builds market advantage).

Most Frequently Asked Questions from Producers – Practical Answers

Do I have to test every package of food?
No – a reliable control plan is based on representative sampling and risk analysis. Each batch should have a specific sampling scheme tailored to production and raw materials.

How often should seasonal raw materials be tested?
The more variable the material quality (e.g. grains from different suppliers), the more often – at least with each new delivery batch and during high-risk seasons (post-drought, heavy rains).

Do laboratory results have legal validity?

Accredited laboratory results are the basis for technical and legal decisions (e.g. batch withdrawal). Depending on the country and situation, authorities may require such documents during inspections.

Pet food safety is a multi-layered issue: it starts in the field and ends in the pet’s bowl. Good production practices, conscious supply chain management, and reliable laboratory testing are the only way to minimize risk and build lasting customer trust.

If you want to move from theory to practice, J.S. Hamilton Poland laboratories offer a wide range of tests using highly sensitive techniques (including mycotoxins, metals, pesticide residues, microbiological studies), as well as result interpretation. Contact us – we will help you construct a testing program tailored to your raw materials and production processes.

 

Mandatory nutrition declaration on food labels

Providing nutrition information on food labels, in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council, is mandatory for most food products intended for sale to the final consumer. The aim of this regulation is to ensure consistent presentation of nutritional data across the European Union and to enable consumers to make informed dietary choices.

Average nutritional values – how to determine them

It should be noted that the nutritional values declared on the packaging must be average values, determined on the basis of analytical data, literature sources, or recipe calculations, in line with good practice and considering typical variations in production.

Elements of the mandatory nutrition declaration

The mandatory nutrition information generally applies to food in the form in which it is sold and must include a declaration of:

• energy value
• fat
• saturates
• carbohydrates
• sugars
• protein
• salt

Voluntary information – when can the nutrition table be expanded?

This declaration may voluntarily be supplemented with data on one or more of the following:

• mono-unsaturates
• polyunsaturates
• polyols
• starch
• fiber
• vitamins or minerals present in significant amounts

Rules for presenting vitamins and minerals

If the nutrition declaration includes vitamins or minerals, the percentage of their reference intake values must also be provided, according to Annex XIII, Part A point 1 of Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011. These values must be expressed per 100 g or 100 ml and per portion or consumption unit (if declared).

Expression of nutritional values per 100 g / 100 ml and per portion

The energy value and amounts of nutrients must be expressed per 100 g or 100 ml of the product. Additionally, values may, on a voluntary basis, be provided per portion or consumption unit that is easily recognisable by the consumer, provided that the portion or unit size and the number of portions in the package are clearly indicated on the label.

Format of presenting nutritional information

Nutrition information should be presented in tabular form, with numerical values in columns, in the order specified in Annex XV to Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011. If label space is insufficient, a linear format may be used, but voluntary information cannot be provided at the expense of mandatory information.

Reference Intake (RIV) values – how to use them

On a voluntary basis, nutrition values may also be expressed as a percentage of the Reference Intake (RIV) for adults. RIV percentages may be provided per 100 g/100 ml and/or per portion or consumption unit. A mandatory statement must appear near the RIV values: “Reference intake of an average adult (8 400 kJ/2 000 kcal).”

Front-of-pack nutrition information

Manufacturers may voluntarily repeat part of the mandatory nutrition information on the front of the pack to support consumer understanding. This applies only to energy, saturates, sugars, and salt. It is not permitted to repeat other nutrient information, such as protein content, as part of the front-of-pack nutrition declaration.

Importance of accurate nutrition declarations

Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 establishes precise requirements for nutrition declarations, ensuring consistency and transparency across the EU market. For manufacturers and entities responsible for labelling, it is both a legal obligation affecting product compliance and an essential element of transparent communication with consumers. Accurate nutrition information enables consumers to make informed food choices.

Most common mistakes in nutrition declarations

Despite the regulation being in force since 2014, incorrectly labelled products can still be found on the market, including errors in data presentation and the use of RI values.

J.S. Hamilton Poland – laboratory services

At J.S. Hamilton Poland, we verify food labelling content, prepare correct nutrition declarations, and support compliance with current legal requirements and regulatory practice. If you have concerns regarding the correct labelling of your products, including nutrition declarations, we invite you to contact us for a nutrition label review.

 

The functional food market is developing at a rapid pace, and high-protein products have become one of the hottest nutritional trends in recent years. Today, you can find almost everything in a “protein” version on store shelves — from bars and yogurts to breakfast cereals and protein drinks. Consumers increasingly reach for products labeled “high protein” because they associate them with something healthy, valuable, and “fit.”

The Importance of Protein in the Diet

Consuming protein in the daily diet is extremely important. Alongside carbohydrates and fats, protein is a macronutrient essential for the proper functioning of the body, especially in a high-protein diet. It serves various functions in the body, including supporting muscle growth and regulating metabolic processes. It plays structural roles (tissues, muscles), regulatory roles (enzymes, hormones), and energetic roles (4 kcal/g), making its dietary role enormous.

The body’s protein requirements are not fixed and depend on many factors — primarily age, body weight, physical activity, and health status. General dietary guidelines suggest that adults should consume 0.8–1.0 g of protein per kilogram of body weight per day to maintain adequate protein levels in the diet. Physically active individuals or those in recovery may need much more, even up to 2.2 g/kg of body weight per day.

Factors Influencing Protein Requirements

The broad functionality of protein is likely the reason for its recent surge in popularity within the context of high-protein diets. Products on the market labeled as “protein” or “high-protein” must meet specific criteria regarding protein content. According to the EU Regulation (EC) No. 1924/2006 on nutrition and health claims:

• “Source of protein” may be used if at least 12% of the energy comes from protein.
• “High protein” may be used if at least 20% of the energy comes from protein.

Thus, what matters is not only the total protein content but also its proportion in the overall energy value of the product. In practice, a high-protein product should provide approx. 5 g of protein per 100 kcal to support muscle mass development. Of course, the absence of the claim “high protein” on the label does not mean that the product fails to meet this requirement. Nutrition claims are voluntary, and it is up to the manufacturer to decide whether to include them in labeling when conditions are met.

Natural Protein Sources vs. Fortified Products

Among the wide range of “high-protein” products on the market, we find both those naturally rich in protein (such as meat, dairy, and legumes) and those fortified with protein during production. Most often, protein fortification involves the addition of whey protein concentrates and isolates (WPC, WPI) or plant proteins such as soy, pea, rice, and hemp protein.

Supplementation and Protein Additives (WPC, WPI, Plant Proteins)

From a nutritional perspective, a “high-protein” product may have a composition similar to its typical counterpart, only with added protein — but not always. To maintain consumer-acceptable taste and texture, producers often need to modify product formulas.

Formula Modifications and Their Nutritional Consequences

In processed protein-fortified products, we often find added sugars (e.g., glucose-fructose syrup), saturated fats (e.g., palm oil or hydrogenated fats), or food additives (sweeteners, colorants, thickeners). The nutritional value of such modified products may differ significantly from that of foods naturally rich in protein. However, they should not be automatically disqualified just because they are manufactured rather than naturally occurring. In nutrition, balance is key — a varied and well-balanced diet should remain the foundation.

How to Read High-Protein Product Labels

When choosing high-protein products, it is worth paying attention to several label aspects that allow for informed decisions regarding protein intake. It is recommended to check:

• Ingredient list — should be short and clear;
• Energy value — does the kcal content match our nutritional needs;
• Protein content and source — optimally 15–25 g of complete protein per serving, crucial in a high-protein diet;
• Sugar and saturated fat content — the less, the better.

A Balanced Evaluation of “High-Protein” Products — Practical Guidelines

It is difficult to give a definitive assessment of products labeled “high protein.” These products are undoubtedly a “hit” in recent years, gaining popularity in the food market. When chosen wisely, consumed in moderation, and complementing a well-balanced diet, they can be an attractive nutritional option and should be treated as such. They should not be dismissed as mere marketing tricks to boost sales. They are not pure “hype.” Instead, they can serve as practical tools supporting dietary goals — provided they are used consciously and in moderation.

On the other hand, if treated as a “magic solution” and justification for poor dietary choices simply because they are labeled “protein,” they may indeed be perceived as “hype” being sold to consumers.

Summary: Conscious Choice and Consumer Education

A “high-protein” product makes sense only when accompanied by conscious consumer choice, education, and awareness of the protein products available on the market. This is why reading labels carefully, checking ingredients, and verifying nutritional values are essential to making informed purchasing decisions about protein intake.

Laboratory Testing — Supporting Informed Choices

Conscious consumers increasingly reach for products labeled “protein.” For such claims to be credible, proper verification is essential.

At J.S. Hamilton laboratories, we provide comprehensive food testing, including:

• Determination of protein content and nutritional value,
• Verification of compliance with food law requirements,
• Qualitative and quantitative analyses for producers and distributors.

Thanks to this, producers can confirm their declarations, and consumers can be sure they are choosing safe products consistent with labelling.

 

If you have any questions or concerns, J.S. Hamilton Experts are at your disposal.

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Since prehistoric times, humans have domesticated many species of animals, both companion animals and those of economic importance. Among human companions, dogs and cats are the most popular, but ornamental birds, small mammals, including rodents, ornamental fish, and amphibians, reptiles, and invertebrates, most often kept in terrariums, also constitute a very large group. The annual report of the European Pet Food Industry Federation (FEDIAF) published in 2024 shows that in 2022 there were approximately 129 million cats and 106 million dogs living in Europe, including 7.25 million and 8.109 million in Poland, respectively. FEDIAF is committed to promoting responsible pet ownership, animal welfare, the important social role of pets, and respect for sustainable development.

The new role of dogs and cats in human life

Before dogs and cats became primarily human companions, they were mainly associated with a practical function, such as guarding the home or exterminating rodents. Today, the situation is completely different: pets have become full-fledged members of families, to whom attention, time, and quite large budgets are devoted, primarily in relation to caring for their health and proper nutrition.

Conscious choices made by pet owners

It is no surprise that the pet food market is undergoing a real revolution, as more and more conscious owners are choosing high-quality, balanced products tailored to the individual needs of their pets. The pace of life also influences the tendency to reach for ready-made products instead of preparing food for animals by hand. As a result, the pet food market is growing at an impressive rate, and forecasts indicate that it is one of the fastest-growing sectors of the consumer goods industry.

Today, consumers treat pet food not as a simple mass product, but as an investment in the health and well-being of their pets. This is why the premium and super-premium segments are seeing the greatest growth, where the quality of ingredients, transparency of recipes, and tailoring to specific needs are what count. High-protein foods and those inspired by human-grade diets are gaining popularity. At the same time, there is a growing demand for specialized solutions: veterinary foods, products that support immunity, and those tailored to the age and lifestyle of the animal.

Definition of pet food

Pet food is feed used to feed pets, which, according to the definition given in Regulation (EC) No 767/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 on the placing on the market and use of feed, amending Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 and repealing Council Directive 79/373/EEC, Commission Directive 80/511/EEC, Council Directives 82/471/EEC, 83/228/EEC, 93/74/EEC, 93/113/EC and 96/25/EC and Commission Decision 2004/217/EC, as amended, means animals that are not used for food production, fed and kept by humans, but not customarily consumed in the Community. One of the FEDIAF guides clarifies this definition, taking into account cultural customs, and indicates the species that are considered pets. Dog chews made from animal by-products or derived products are also classified as feed.

FEDIAF guidelines provide support for pet food manufacturers

The production and distribution of pet food is regulated by numerous legal acts concerning feed quality and safety and is supervised by veterinary inspections. The European Pet Food Industry Federation has developed a number of guidelines and industry guides in accordance with applicable legislation. They are available in English on the FEDIAF website and in Polish on the website of the Chief Veterinary Inspectorate and the Polish Association of Pet Food Manufacturers POLKARMA, which is a member of FEDIAF. These documents include, among others:

• Guide to good practice for the manufacture of safe pet foods – supports manufacturers in developing a feed safety management system and meeting legal requirements related to the safety and hygiene of the production process;
• Code of good labelling practice for pet food – a guide to labeling, explaining the applicable legal provisions and providing practical examples. It specifies, among other things, the conditions for mandatory labeling of analytical constituents, which is related to the type of feed and/or the species of animal for which it is intended, and the acceptable tolerances for differences between the constituents declared on the label and the results of laboratory analyses obtained during official controls.
• Nutritional guidelines for complete and complementary pet food for cats and dogs – provide an overview of scientific data and indicate nutrient levels such as protein, amino acids, fat, fatty acids, minerals, vitamins, taurine, choline, which are essential for meeting nutritional needs, depending on the species and age of the animal, and for some of them, the highest legally permissible levels or nutritional limits, i.e. the highest levels of nutrients that should not cause side effects. The recommended contents are presented in appropriate units per 100 g of dry matter and per 1000 kcal or MJ of metabolic energy;
• FEDIAF scientific advisory board carbohydrate expert review – defines the role of carbohydrates in pet food and the benefits of their consumption by animals;
• Nutritional guidelines for feeding pet rabbits – contain recommendations on the nutritional value of pet food for animals of different ages.

Feed testing performed at the J.S. Hamilton Poland Sp. z o.o. Laboratory

The J.S. Hamilton Poland Sp. z o.o. Laboratory performs tests on the content of analytical constituents declared on pet food labels as mandatory information, i.e.: moisture, protein, fat, ash, crude fiber, hydrochloric acid-insoluble ash and minerals (calcium, sodium, phosphorus) required on the packaging of mineral complementary feed mixtures, as well as feed additives, e.g. vitamins and minerals. Other nutrients in feed, such as amino acids and fatty acids, are also determined. Various analytical techniques are used to analyze the above-mentioned parameters, including gravimetric, titrimetric, spectrometric, and chromatographic techniques. The laboratory also verifies the compliance of the test results with the requirements of applicable laws and FEDIAF documents.

 

If you have any questions or concerns, J.S. Hamilton Experts are at your disposal.

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Modern agriculture and horticulture increasingly use substances that are not classic plant protection products, but have a significant impact on the physiology and quality of crops. This group includes ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), which is classified as a systemic growth regulator. Its special role is that it is easily absorbed by plants and, after application, releases ethylene, a natural phytohormone. Ethylene affects a number of physiological processes in plants, including, above all, fruit ripening. 

As a result, ethephon has found wide application in vegetable and fruit production, especially where uniform and accelerated ripening of the crop is of key importance. This is particularly important in the case of species (such as tomatoes and peppers) where uniform color and ripeness are not only a market requirement but also an element of effective protection against losses caused by disease. 

Ethephon has been registered in many countries for use on various crops, such as fruits, vegetables, cereals, and oilseeds. 

Mechanism of action of ethephon 

Ethephon is a highly water-soluble compound which, after penetrating plant tissues, decomposes to release ethylene, phosphoric acid, and chlorides. Of these, ethylene is the most important because it acts as a natural growth regulator. 

Ethylene has many functions as a phytohormone in plants, including: 

• initiating and accelerating the fruit ripening process,
• stimulating the aging and falling of leaves,
• it regulates germination and flowering processes,
• it influences plant responses to environmental stresses (e.g., drought, salinity, pathogen infections).

In practice, this means that the application of ethephon allows you to control certain physiological processes that would occur more slowly or unevenly under natural conditions. 

The use of ethephon in fruit and vegetable crops 

The use of ethephon in fruit and vegetable crops brings visible benefits, primarily in accelerating and standardizing fruit ripening. Thanks to this solution, producers can achieve the following effects: 

• Uniform yield – the fruit ripens at a similar rate, allowing for a single harvest. This is particularly beneficial for farms focused on supplying raw materials to processing plants, where product quality consistency is required. 

• Increased commercial value – uniform fruit color (e.g., intense red in tomatoes or peppers) increases their attractiveness to customers, which has a positive impact on their market price. 

• Loss reduction – shorter ripening time reduces the risk of fruit infection by pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea (gray mold) and Alternaria spp. In practice, this means less need for fungicides and reduced losses during storage. 

• More efficient harvesting – uniform fruit ripeness allows for more efficient organization of the harvesting process, which translates into lower labor costs. 

Applications of ethephon in cereal cultivation 

Fruits and vegetables are undoubtedly among the main areas of application for ethephon, but this substance also plays a significant role in cereal cultivation. Due to unfavorable weather conditions, which often occur during the period when cereals are heading, plants are exposed to lodging and bending of stalks to the ground, which leads to significant yield losses. 

In the later stages of cereal growth and development, auxins dominate. They stimulate intensive growth of the main shoot while inhibiting the development of side shoots. High concentrations of these hormones can also negatively affect root system development.  

Ethephon is a substance used in cereal cultivation that can regulate the action of auxins. Numerous studies and experiments confirm its multidimensional benefits. 

By inhibiting the production and transport of auxins, ethephon supports the development of side shoots and stimulates the growth of adventitious roots. An additional advantage of this substance is its ability to quickly and effectively stop the growth of stalks during the most intensive period of their elongation.  

The effect of ethephon application is slight lignification of tissues, which leads to their stiffening and mechanical strengthening of the stalks. Shorter and more stable stalks contribute to better transport of nutrients and water to the ear, which translates into more efficient use of resources. 

Ethephon and plant protection 

Ethephon is not a classic plant protection product, as it does not act directly on fungi, bacteria, or insects. Its role is mainly to indirectly support protection by shortening the period during which fruits remain susceptible to infection. 

Accelerating ripening with ethephon means that fruit reaches harvest maturity faster and can be picked before pathogens attack. 

In this way, ethephon can be considered part of integrated plant protection, supporting the action of traditional fungicides and improving overall production efficiency. 

Safety and restrictions on use 

Like any growth regulator, ethephon requires precise dosing. Excessive doses can cause undesirable effects, such as premature fruit drop, deterioration in fruit quality, or accelerated plant aging. 

In accordance with European Union regulations, ethephon is registered as a growth regulator, and its use is subject to compliance with waiting periods and permissible residue levels in crops. In practice, this means that farmers must use it in accordance with the registration label, and applications should be made at the appropriate stages of plant development. 

Ethephon – planned legislative changes 

When the European Union renewed its approval for ethephon (Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2591), the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recommended lowering the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for this substance. Based on the reduced ADI in 2024, EFSA reviewed all maximum residue levels (MRLs) for ethephon. 

The European Commission also consulted the EU reference laboratories for pesticide residues on the need to adjust certain limits of determination. These laboratories proposed product-specific limits of determination for ethephon that are analytically achievable, ensuring compliance with updated safety and monitoring standards. 

The European Union plans to introduce new maximum residue levels for ethephon in many products from January 2026.   

On September 19 this year, the Council of the European Union received a draft regulation amending Annexes II and V to Regulation (EC) No. 396/2005 of the European Parliament  

and of the Council as regards maximum residue levels for dimoxystrobin, ethephon, and propamocarb in or on certain products. 

The European Commission has notified the World Trade Organization (WTO) Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Committee (SPS) of its intention to amend the maximum residue levels for ethephon (G/SPS/N/EU/801). 

The revised MRLs will have a particular impact on blueberry exporters, for whom the MRLs will be reduced to the limit of quantification. 

On June 23, 2025, the European Commission published a corrigendum stating that the MRLs for ethephon in nuts (except hazelnuts and walnuts) are also being reduced to the limit of quantification. 

It was also proposed to lower the MRLs for apples, pineapples, rye, and wheat. However, the MRL for barley will be increased.  

Table 1. Planned changes to maximum residue levels of ethephon in food products (source: www.agrinfo.eu) 

Group	Products	Ethephon (mg/kg)
		Current NDP	Planned NDP
Nuts from nut trees	almonds, Brazil nuts, cashews, chestnuts, coconuts, macadamia nuts, pecans, pine nuts, pistachios	0,1	0,02*
Pome fruits	apples	0,8	0,7
Berries and small fruits	blueberries	20	0,01*
Various fruits	pineapples	2	1,5
Cereals	barley	1	1,5
	rye	1	0,8
	wheat	1	0,5

* Limit of detectability 

Suppliers of apples, pineapples, rye, and wheat should review their current use of ethephon and assess whether any changes to current good agricultural practices will be necessary to ensure compliance with the new maximum residue levels. For suppliers of blueberries and nuts, it is particularly important to assess their current use of ethephon and consider potential alternatives, pending changes to the MRLs. 

In addition, the EU also proposes to lower the limit of determination for a wide range of products: 

– for fruit, vegetables, cereals, sugar crops, and animal products from 0.05 to 0.02 or 0.01 mg/kg,
– for oilseeds, oleaginous fruits, tea, coffee, cocoa, and spices from 0.1 to 0.05 mg/kg. 

Summary 

Etefon is an important tool in modern fruit and vegetable production. As a growth regulator, it works by releasing ethylene, which accelerates and evens out fruit ripening, improves their commercial quality, and facilitates harvest organization. In addition, it promotes phytohormones, which shorten and stiffen cereal stalks, preventing lodging. This translates not only into economic benefits, but also into better protection of plants against losses caused by disease. 

Although it is not a typical pesticide, its importance in agricultural practice shows that the regulation of plant physiological processes can be as important as chemical protection. When used properly, ethephon therefore becomes a valuable element of a sustainable agricultural and horticultural production system. 

At the Hamilton UO-Technologia laboratory, we test for ethephon residues in fruits, vegetables, and cereals, and the testing method we use has a detection limit that meets both current requirements and future, more restrictive standards. 

 

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Why is shelf-life so important? 

Shelf-life is one of the key features of any food product – from raw materials, through semi-finished goods, to finished products. Each product should have a clearly defined date, and its duration is influenced by producers, suppliers, and even consumers. Shelf-life is defined as the period from the moment of production (or maturation) and packaging during which the product maintains an appropriate level of quality under specified storage conditions. Proper determination of this period is crucial for companies, as it helps to reduce the risk of complaints and product withdrawals while strengthening trust in the brand. 

Legal framework

European law does not contain explicit regulations on how to correctly determine shelf-life. According to Article 14(1) of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 January 2002, no food that does not meet safety requirements may be placed on the market. This means that full responsibility for product safety and quality throughout the declared shelf-life rests with the manufacturer. 

EFSA guidance 

In 2023, EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) published guidance documents for the food industry on establishing shelf-life. These included suggested tools to support the process, such as literature data, predictive microbiology models, shelf-life and challenge tests. The choice of method depends on the product’s characteristics and the producer’s capabilities, but shelf-life studies are the most commonly used – as they allow monitoring of quality changes in the product during storage. 

Standard and accelerated tests 

The most common model involves testing under standard conditions, which can be carried out for virtually all food groups. An alternative is accelerated testing – known as Accelerated Shelf Life Testing (ASLT). This involves storing samples in climate chambers at higher temperature and humidity than standard, simulating the product’s ageing process. The method is based on the van’t Hoff rule, which states that raising the temperature by 10°C typically doubles the rate of chemical reactions. However, it must be noted that excessive acceleration may lead to overestimated durability forecasts under normal storage conditions. 

Controls during storage 

The number of controls depends on the length of the shelf-life. It is recommended to carry out at least 3–4 measurements, both in standard and accelerated studies. For new products, when there is insufficient knowledge about the pace of changes, it is advisable to plan a higher number of controls, especially towards the end of the shelf-life. 

J.S. Hamilton Poland Sp. z o.o. conducts accelerated studies in climate chambers under conditions of: 

• 30°C and 65% relative humidity, 

• 40°C and 75% relative humidity. 

The degree of acceleration is determined in relation to the standard storage conditions declared by the producer. 

Designing ASLT studies

Each accelerated study project is developed individually and requires detailed product data – including water activity, pH, fat content, presence of preservatives, additives, or type of packaging. These studies allow for faster estimation of shelf-life but always require confirmation in standard studies to ensure the reliability and safety of the forecasts. 

Method limitations

Not every product is suitable for ASLT. It is not recommended for: 

• chilled and frozen food, 

• products with a shelf-life below 6 months, 

• high-fat foods (due to rancidity processes), 

• chocolate, jelly candies, and other products prone to deformation at higher temperatures, 

• foods enriched with vitamins, which are particularly sensitive to heat and moisture. 

Experience of J.S. Hamilton Poland

The J.S. Hamilton Poland team has many years of experience in conducting shelf-life studies, including ASLT tests. Experts support producers in designing projects, carrying out tests, and interpreting results to ensure consumers receive safe and high-quality products. 

 

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Where do metals in food come from?

Metals and their compounds naturally occur in the environment—they are present in soil, water, and air. However, their levels in food can also increase due to human activity, including industry and agriculture. They can also enter food during processing or storage. The main concern is long-term exposure, as the body accumulates these elements over time, which can lead to serious health effects. These include diseases of the cardiovascular, nervous, and urinary systems, immune system disorders, as well as genetic damage that increases the risk of cancer.

EFSA actions – which metals are the most dangerous?

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has been monitoring risks related to heavy metals for years, such as lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic (especially inorganic), nickel, and inorganic tin. EFSA regularly publishes scientific opinions on their impact on health and updates TDI (tolerable daily intake) values. Recently, particular attention has been paid to nickel and inorganic arsenic, resulting in the European Commission adopting regulations defining the maximum residue levels (MRLs) of these metals in food.

At the end of 2024, EFSA also assessed the risk associated with the consumption of organic arsenic compounds found in fish, seafood, and seaweed. In some cases, no risk was identified, but for certain forms, such as arsenic compounds bound to fats, additional data are required.

Main sources of metals in the diet

Heavy metals can be present in many everyday foods—from fruits, vegetables, and grains to meat, fish, cocoa products, and spices. The table below presents examples of sources of elements for which MRLs were established in Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/915 of 25 April 2023 on maximum levels for certain contaminants in food and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006, as amended.

Name of metal (symbol)	Food products
Lead (Pb)	fruit, vegetables, mushrooms, legume seeds, grains, dried spices, meat from animals, birds, and fish, seafood, milk, honey, oils and fats, fruit juices, wine, salts, dietary supplements
Cadmium (Cd)	fruit, vegetables, fresh herbs, nuts, mushrooms, legume seeds, grains, oilseeds, meat from animals, birds, and fish, seafood, cocoa and chocolate products, salt, dietary supplements
Mercury (Hg)	fish, seafood, salt, dietary supplements
Inorganic arsenic (AsIII + AsV)	rice, rice cereal products, rice-based beverages, fruit juices
Total arsenic (As)	salt
Inorganic tin (SnII + SnIV)	canned food and beverages
Nickel (Ni)	vegetables, nuts, fresh herbs, legume seeds, seaweed, oilseeds, grains, cocoa and chocolate products, fruit and vegetable juices

New Regulations – Limits for Nickel

From 1 July 2025 came into force, Commission Regulation (EU) 2024/1987 amending Regulation (EU) 2023/915 as regards maximum levels of nickel in certain foodstuffs. The most important change is the inclusion of nickel under supervision, meaning that the list of elements subject to strict control has been expanded with another metal significant for consumer safety.

Food for children under special control

Infants and young children are particularly vulnerable to metal contamination due to their low body weight and relatively monotonous diet. Rice-based products, often used in the diet of the youngest children—especially those with cow’s milk protein allergy or celiac disease—can be a significant source of inorganic arsenic. It is estimated that dietary intake of this element in this age group is 2–3 times higher than in adults. Therefore, Regulation (EU) 2023/915 sets significantly lower permissible metal limits for food intended for children up to 3 years old. For mercury, no MRL has been established; however, due to its harmful effects, a zero-tolerance principle is applied.

How are exceedances monitored?

Food products exceeding permissible metal levels are reported through the RASFF system (Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed). This information is published in annual reports of the ACN warning network. In 2024, approximately 40 notifications were recorded concerning lead and cadmium in fruits and vegetables, as well as nearly 70 notifications related to the presence of mercury and cadmium in fish and fish products.

Metal testing at J.S. Hamilton Poland Laboratory

J.S. Hamilton Poland Laboratory conducts determinations of heavy metals for which limits are set in Regulation 2023/915, as amended. Analyses of lead, cadmium, mercury, total arsenic, tin, and nickel are performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The content of inorganic arsenic is determined using HPLC-ICP-MS, which combines high-performance liquid chromatography with detection by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

 

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How the Potato Took the Hard Way to Europe

The domestication of the potato took place around 8,000 years ago in the Lake Titicaca region, located in the Andes on the border of present-day Peru and Bolivia. The potato was brought to Europe in the 16th century by the Spanish. Initially, it was met with suspicion, as it was considered poisonous and unchristian. Therefore, for a long time it was treated mainly as a botanical curiosity or animal feed. It was cultivated mostly in monastic and princely gardens but was not included in the daily diet.

It wasn’t until the 18th century, when famine and armed conflicts spread across the continent, that the potato came to be seen as an important food crop—a valuable, nutritious, and efficient source of carbohydrates. Its widespread adoption heralded the alleviation of food shortages. Over the following decades, it became a staple in the diets of people in Central and Western Europe, especially in Ireland, Poland and Germany.

However, the rapid expansion of potato cultivation brought risks: in the mid-19th century, potato blight (Phytophthora infestans) ravaged fields on a massive scale. Ireland was hit the hardest, where between 1845 and 1848, famine claimed around a million lives and forced another million to emigrate. In response, chemical protection practices (fungicides) were introduced, and efforts to breed disease-resistant varieties began—efforts that became the foundation for the success of potato farming in Europe. Thanks to these actions, the potato became a stable food source.

The Power of the Potato – From Famine to Global Crop Diversity

The potato (Solanum tuberosum) ranks third among the world’s most important food crops, after rice and wheat. Throughout history, the potato has contributed to food security and poverty alleviation. Today, it still plays a key role in global food security due to its high yield in a short period, low land requirements and ability to adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions.

Potatoes are cultivated for various purposes: for direct consumption, processed products, industrial starch, seed potatoes, and to a lesser extent, animal feed.

There are thousands of potato varieties, differing in size, shape, color, texture, culinary properties, flavor, starch content, and disease resistance. Variety selection depends not only on local climatic conditions and agronomic characteristics but also on the intended market use of the crop.

Potato – The King of European Cuisine

Although fresh potato consumption has declined in recent decades in Europe and North America—mainly due to the rising popularity of other carbohydrate sources such as pasta, rice, or groats—it is still hard to imagine European cuisine without the potato.

The potato is a true culinary chameleon—boiled, baked, fried, or stewed, it serves as a base for mashed potatoes, gnocchi, potato pancakes or fries. Various varieties enable everything from creamy purées to firm new potatoes. Its neutral flavor pairs perfectly with butter, cream, cheeses, garlic and herbs, and with the right preparation. It offers a healthy source of starch, fiber, vitamin C, and potassium.

The potato is not just food – it is also part of the cultural identity of many countries. Its history shows how a once-suspect botanical novelty became one of the most important vegetables on our continent.

Pathogens vs. Production – The Realities of Potato Cultivation

Although potato production and consumption are declining in Europe and North America, global production has increased in recent decades, mainly due to rising consumption in Asia.

Potatoes are vulnerable to many pathogens that can cause serious qualitative and quantitative losses. These diseases negatively affect tuber quality during cultivation, storage, and processing. The most significant potato diseases worldwide include: late blight (Phytophthora infestans), early blight (Alternaria solani), stem canker (Rhizoctonia solani), potato wart (Synchytrium endobioticum), powdery scab (Spongospora subterranea), bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum), black leg (Pectobacterium spp.), potato virus Y (PVY), potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) and yellow potato cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis).

The importance of individual diseases varies by region and climate. Particularly dangerous is late blight, due to its aggressiveness and high genetic variability. Under optimal conditions, it can destroy a crop within a week. Fungicides remain the primary control method because high-resistance varieties are less accepted by the market. As a result, potato cultivation is heavily dependent on pesticide use. In many countries, it receives the highest amount of plant protection products per hectare.

Weed, Pest, and Pathogen Control in Potato Cultivation

Effective potato cultivation requires comprehensive plant protection—not only from diseases but also from weeds and pests. Since the space between rows remains uncovered for a long time, weeds like lamb’s quarters, knotweed, or cleavers gain a competitive advantage. An optimal protection program combines pre-emergence and post-emergence treatments, effectively halting weed growth and ensuring high yields and tuber quality.

Pre-emergence herbicide treatments are applied to moist soil at least a week before sprouting, targeting weeds like lamb’s quarters or knotweed. After sprouting (from May onward), attention shifts to controlling the Colorado potato beetle, one of the most significant pests. Monitoring enables early detection of larvae, which can be eliminated using biopesticides (spinosad, azadirachtin), or in severe infestations, with chemical agents (e.g. lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, acetamiprid, chlorantraniliprole).

Among fungal diseases, the most dangerous are late blight and early blight, which occur mainly in full vegetative growth. Their development is favored by warm, humid weather and agronomic errors such as early planting. The protection program is also enriched with agronomic practices, such as proper liming and soil structure improvement, which support plant health and reduce infection risk.

The entire strategy is based on integrated management combining chemical, biological, and agronomic methods, ensuring yield stability and high tuber quality with minimal environmental impact.

 

Table 1. List of Active Substances Approved for Use in Potato Protection (Polish Ministry of Agriculture, as of 14.07.2025)

Type of Product	Active Substance
Fungicide	·        Ametoctradin, ·        Amisulbrom, ·        Azoxystrobin, ·        Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (formerly subtilis) strain QST 713, ·        Boscalid, ·        Cyazofamid, ·        Cymoxanil, ·        Difenoconazole, ·        Dimethomorph, ·        Fluazinam, ·        Fluxapyroxad, ·        Fluopicolide, ·        Fluopyram, ·        Flutolanil,	·        Folpet, ·        Imazalil, ·        Mandipropamid, ·        Mefentrifluconazole, ·        Metalaxyl-M, ·        Copper and its compounds, ·        Oxathiapiprolin, ·        Pyraclostrobin, ·        Propamocarb, ·        Prothioconazole, ·        Pseudomonas sp. strain DSMZ 13134, ·        Trichoderma asperellum strain T34, ·        Valifenalate, ·        Zoxamide.
Insecticide	·        Acetamiprid, ·        Azadirachtin, ·        Chlorantraniliprole, ·        Cyantraniliprole, ·        Cypermethrin, ·        Deltamethrin, ·        Flonicamid, ·        Flupyradifurone,	·        Lambda-cyhalothrin, ·        Rapeseed oil, ·        Pyrethrins, ·        Spinosad, ·        Spirotetramat, ·        Tau-fluvalinate, ·        Tefluthrin.
Herbicide	·        Aclonifen, ·        Bentazon, ·        Chizalofop-P-ethyl, ·        Clomazone, ·        Cycloxydim, ·        Diflufenican, ·        Fluazifop-P-butyl, ·        Flufenacet, ·        Flurochloridone, ·        Glyphosate,	·        Carfentrazone-ethyl, ·        Clethodim, ·        Nonanoic acid, ·        Metobromuron, ·        Metribuzin, ·        Pendimethalin, ·        Propachizafop, ·        Prosulfocarb, ·        Rimsulfuron.
Growth Regulator	·        1,4-Dimethylnaphthalene, ·        1-Methylcyclopropene, ·        Sodium 5-nitroguaiacolate, ·        Spearmint oil extract,	·        Ethylene, ·        Maleic hydrazide, ·        Sodium nitrophenolates (para-, ortho-), ·        Orange oil.
Molluscicide	·        Metaldehyde, ·        Fluopyram,	·        Iron(III) phosphate, ·        Iron pyrophosphate.
Acaricide	Fosthiazate
Desiccant	Pyraflufen-ethyl
Disinfectant	Dazomet
Other (Sanitizer)	Benzoic acid

Based on tests performed at Hamilton UO-Technology Ltd. in 2024, Table 2 shows the pesticide residues detected in the 349 potato samples tested.

Table 2. Pesticide residues detected in potato samples, 2024 (own data of HAMILTON UO-Technology)

Detected Residue	Number of Samples with Detected Residue (> LOQ)	Non-Compliant with Regulation (EC) No 396/2005
Chlorothalonil	127
Bromide ion	40
1,4-Dimethylnaphthalene (DMN)	30
2,6-Dichlorobenzamide (BAM)	30
Fluxapyroxad	26
Flutolanil	24	4
Maleic hydrazide	22
Chlorpropham	14	1
Fluopicolide	10
Chlorate	7
Imidacloprid	6	4
Dicamba	4	2
Cyantraniliprole	3
Aclonifen	2
Azoxystrobin	2
Chlorantraniliprole	2	2
DDT*	2
Fluopyram	2
Flupyradifurone	2
Mandipropamid*	2
Metalaxyl and Metalaxyl-M*	2
Metobromuron	2
2,4-D*	1	1
Acetamiprid	1	1
Clopyralid	1
DEET (Diethyltoluamide)	1
Dimethomorph*	1
Metribuzin	1

*Included as per definition in Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, as amended.

 

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Viruses as an Invisible Threat to Food Safety

Fresh fruits and vegetables are commonly considered a healthy and safe dietary choice. However, despite their nutritional value, they can be a potential source of foodborne viruses—especially if they haven’t been properly cleaned or have been contaminated during production and distribution.

The viruses most commonly associated with such infections include noroviruses (NoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV). Increasingly, cases are also being linked to hepatitis E virus (HEV), rotaviruses, and sapoviruses. These viruses can be found on the skins of fruits and vegetables, and although invisible to the eye, their presence can lead to serious health consequences.

Why Do Viruses “Cling” to Fruits and Vegetables?

Fresh and minimally processed products are sold ready-to-eat, without prior heat treatment and without protective substances against microorganisms. This makes them particularly vulnerable to contamination—both during production and at later stages of the supply chain.

Contamination can occur at the cultivation site, for example, through contact with wastewater or contaminated soil. It may also happen later—during transport, storage, packaging, or preparation by individuals not following proper hygiene practices.

Importantly, unlike bacteria, viruses do not multiply in food products but can survive on their surfaces for a long time. Even a low dose may be enough to cause an infection.

What Characterizes Foodborne Viruses?

Viruses are extremely small particles containing genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein capsid. They require living cells to replicate but can remain infectious for days or even weeks in environmental conditions.

They are highly resistant to external factors—they can survive contact with the acidic environment of the stomach, low temperatures, and common cleaning agents. They do not die during freezing and can persist on work surfaces, kitchen tools, and hands.

Does Heat Treatment Eliminate Viruses?

Not always. In the case of frozen or fresh products that are not subjected to prolonged heat treatment, the risk of infection still exists. Simply heating to 60°C is not sufficient, as enteric viruses require higher cooking temperatures for effective inactivation.

This makes not only proper washing essential, but also quality and food safety monitoring at various stages of production.

Modern Detection Methods – How to Find What’s Invisible?

Virological diagnostics in food products is one of the more demanding tasks in laboratory analysis. Due to the very low number of virions in samples and their irregular distribution, methods with very high sensitivity and precision are necessary.

In our laboratories, we use advanced molecular techniques—primarily RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). The process includes:

• elution of viruses from the sample surface and their concentration,
• isolation of genetic material (RNA),
• amplification and detection of viral material.

RT-PCR makes it possible to detect even trace amounts of norovirus, HAV, and HEV genetic material with high specificity.

 

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This is the third and final part of our series on changes in MRL standards, if you haven’t seen the previous publications – we encourage you to read part one and part two.

Active substances are withdrawn or their approvals are not renewed when they do not meet current safety or quality criteria established by EU legislation.

The withdrawal of active substances is the result of continuous scientific and legal evaluation, aimed at ensuring the maximum level of protection of human, animal health as well as the environment. Decisions not to renew approvals are based both on new research results and on manufacturers’ failure to meet procedural requirements.

Active substances withdrawn in 2024

Active substance	The ban on the use of from	Application	Reason for non-renewal of approval
Ipconazole	29.02.2024	Cereal protection	– long-term risk to grain-eating birds – substance harmful to reproduction
Dimoxystrobin	31.07.2024	Crop protection (rapeseed)	– Contamination of groundwater with toxicologically relevant metabolites of dimoxystrobin
Clofentezine	11.11.2024	Control of mite eggs and larvae in orchards	– Endocrine-disrupting properties – Long-term risk to birds and wild mam
Triflusulfuron-methyl	20.08.2024	Herbicide for sugar beet	– Groundwater contamination with toxicologically significant metabolites – Endocrine-disrupting properties
Metiram	28.11.2024	Protection of potatoes and apple trees	– Endocrine-disrupting properties – Risk to aquatic organisms and arthropods – High risk of exposure for operators, bystanders, and residents
S-metolachlor	23.07.2024	Control of monocot weeds (corn)	– Groundwater contamination and risk to drinking water – Risk of secondary poisoning of mammals feeding on earthworms
Benthiavalicarb	13.12.2024	Fungicide used in potato and tomato cultivation	– Carcinogenic substance – Endocrine-disrupting properties
Abamectin* Authorized until 31.03.2038	01.04.2024 → only in permanent greenhouses	Insecticide	Only allowed in applications enabling controlled exchange of matter and energy with the environment and preventing plant protection products from being released into the environment.

*Abamectin – its agricultural use has been significantly restricted. According to the European Commission’s guidelines, from 1 April 2024, it may only be used to control pests in permanent greenhouses.

Active substances withdrawn in 2025

Active substance	Ban on use from	Application	Reason for withdrawal of approval
Metribuzin	24.11.2025	Control of mono- and dicotyledonous weeds (potatoes, soybeans, tomatoes, cereals)	– Endocrine-disrupting properties – High risk of exposure for bystanders and residents – Risk to bees
Tritosulfuron	07.11.2025	Weed control in cereals	– applicant → withdrawal of application for renewal of approval
Mepanipyrim	20.05.2025	Fungicide used in strawberry cultivation	– Endocrine-disrupting properties – Long-term risk to wild mammals
Dimethomorph	20.05.2025	Fungicide for crops in the nightshade, onion, gourd, and grapevine families	– Reproductive toxicity – Endocrine-disrupting properties

Expiry of approvals in 2025

Chemical companies are required to submit an application to renew the approval of their active substance to the EU authorities. If they fail to do so, the approval of the active substance in the EU will automatically expire by a certain date. The table below lists the active substances whose approval will expire in the near future due to failure to submit a renewal application or withdrawal of the renewal application.

Active substance	Ban on use from	Application
Spirotetramat	31.10.2025	Insecticide for strawberries, currants, gooseberries, blueberries, potatoes, carrots
Penflufen	31.05.2025	Fungicide for seed treatment of potatoes, alfalfa, cereals, vegetables, legumes, and oilseeds
Pyridalyl	30.06.2025	Insecticide for ornamental trees and shrubs, and cotton
Spinetoram	30.06.2025	Insecticide for apples and pears
Chromafenozide	31.03.2025	Insecticide for apples, pears, strawberries, cherries, rice, cabbage, lettuce, tea, sugar beet, ornamentals, cotton
Meptyldinocap	31.03.2025	Fungicide for cucurbits and fruits (apples, pears, peaches, plums, strawberries, grapes)

Renewals and extensions of pesticide approvals in 2025

The EU recently renewed the approval of mepiquat chloride until 29 February 2040 (Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/150 of 29 January 2025).

If the renewal application cannot be fully evaluated before the expiration date, the approval may be extended to allow the evaluation to be completed. Accordingly, so far in 2025, the EU has extended the approvals of the substances listed in the table below. If the renewal assessment is concluded before the end of the extended period, the Commission will issue a decision on the renewal or non-renewal of the approval at the earliest opportunity. In the event of a non-renewal decision, the previously granted extension will cease to apply. It may be that some of the following active substances will not be approved for further use.

Extension of approval in 2025

Active substance	Application (according to the MRiRW list)	Approval extended until
Milbemectin	Currants, blackberries, blueberries, raspberries, cranberries, gooseberries, strawberries, pears, apples, hops	31.05.2026
Pyrimethanil	Strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, currants, blueberries, gooseberries, grapes, apples, pears, peas, carrots, zucchini, tomatoes, peppers, onions, pumpkins	30.06.2026
Formetanate	Tomatoes, eggplants, ornamental plants	30.09.2026
Phenmedipham	None specified	30.09.2026
Cyprodinil	Strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, currants, blueberries, cranberries, apples, cherries, pears, tomatoes, carrots, celery, onions, lettuce, green beans	31.10.2026
Dichlorprop-P	None specified	31.10.2026
Fosetyl	Apples, pears, tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, cabbage, ornamentals, tobacco	31.10.2026
Pyrimicarb	Apples, cabbage, wheat, barley	31.10.2026
Spinosad	Blueberries, gooseberries, currants, cranberries, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, potatoes, cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, tomatoes, cucumbers, onions, garlic, leeks	31.10.2026
Halosulfuron-methyl	None specified	15.11.2026
Triticonazole	Corn, wheat, barley, rye, oats, triticale, ornamentals	31.01.2027
Ziram	Corn	31.01.2027
Imazamox	Peas, soybeans, broad beans, faba beans, alfalfa, clover, rapeseed, sunflower	30.06.2027
Pyriofenone	Wheat, barley, triticale	30.06.2027
Benalaxyl-M	None specified	30.09.2027
Pyroxsulam	Wheat, rye	30.09.2027

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This is the second part of the article on the changes in the MRL standards – if you haven’t seen the first one yet, you can read it in the first part of the article.

1,4-dimethylnaphthalene and fluopyram

According to Commission Regulation (EU) 2024/2640 of 9 October 2024, there have been changes since April with regard to maximum residue levels for 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene and fluopyram in or on certain products.

1,4-dimethylnaphthalene

At the end of April, the European Union introduced changes to the maximum residue levels for 1,4-DMN. This substance is used post-harvest to prevent potatoes from sprouting during storage and transport, thus maintaining tuber quality for longer.

At the manufacturer’s request, EFSA analyzed data on the use of 1,4-DMN on potatoes and concluded that the proposed increase in the MRL from 15 mg/kg to 20 mg/kg does not pose a risk to consumer health. The risk assessment showed that the long-term intake of 1,4-DMN residues does not exceed the acceptable daily intake (ADI).

However, it proved necessary to adjust the MRL for products of animal origin, due to the fact that potatoes and their preparations are used as animal feed. EFSA evaluated the impact of residues of this active substance on products of animal origin. As a result of the evaluation, it proposed lowering the MRL for most  animal origin products, such as meat, offal and milk, and increasing the limit for poultry and eggs to reflect current animal exposure data.

Product	Previous MRL (mg/kg)	Applicable MRL (mg/kg)
Potatoes	15	20
Most products of animal origin		reduction of existing MRLs
Milk (cattle, sheep, goats, horses, others)	0,4 – 0,5	0,3
Poultry meat fat, edible offal	0,2 0,6 – 0,7	0,3 1,5
Bird eggs	0,15	0,4

Fluopyram

As of April 30, the European Union increased the maximum residue limit for fluopyram in pumpkin seeds from 0.01 mg/kg to 0.4 mg/kg.

This decision was based on data from residue tests conducted on rapeseed. In accordance with EU guidelines for extrapolation of data, the results of these studies were considered representative of pumpkin seeds.

Thiacloprid

On May 12, significant changes were made to the maximum residue levels for the active substance thiacloprid under Commission Regulation (EU) 2024/2711 of 22 October 2024.

• In response to public health concerns-including potential endocrine effects and risks to pollinators the MRLs for all food products will be reduced to the limit of quantification (LOQ):MRL 0.02 mg/kg – tree nuts, herbs, edible flowers, oil seeds and fruits, bird eggs;
• MRL 0.05 mg/kg – teas, coffee beans, herbal infusions, cocoa beans, hops, spices, honey and other apicultural products;

MRL 0.01 mg/kg – for all other products (not listed above), in particular the majority of plant and animal origin products.Acetamiprid

Acetamiprid is an active substance of plant protection products from the neonicotinoid group – modern neuroactive insecticides chemically related to nicotine. Due to its efficacy against many sucking and chewing pests, it is widely used in crop protection.

The EFSA opinion showed that in many tested agricultural and food products, the acute reference doses (ARfD) for acetamiprid were exceeded. In response, EFSA recommended tightening the maximum residue levels for acetamiprid, which was subject to consultation with EU member states.

Already after the approval issued by 2033, at the initiative of France, EFSA reopened its analysis of acetamiprid for human health effects. In a statement published in 2024, EFSA concluded that the available data did not fully assess the risk to the consumer and pointed to the need for additional studies. Based on this EFSA proposed lowering both the acceptable daily intake (ADI) and the acute reference dose (ARfD) from the previous 0.025 mg/kg bw/day to 0.005 mg/kg bw/day. Following EFSA’s opinion, the European Commission adopted Regulation (EU) 2025/158 on 29 January 2025, establishinglower MRLs for a number of products.

Starting August 19, MRLs will be lowered for 38 products, including apples, pears, apricots, cherries, peaches, raspberries, blackberries, gooseberries, currants, tomatoes, sweet peppers, cucumbers, pumpkins, melons, zucchini, watermelons, broccoli, cauliflower, head cabbage, asparagus and various leafy vegetables.

The most significant MRL changesfor acetamiprid include a reduction  to 0.01 mg/kg for: bananas, currants, asparagus, lettuce, endive, chard and spinach.

Zoxamide

Under Commission Regulation (EU) 2025/146 of 29 January 2025, the European Union is amending the maximum residue limits for zoxamide, an active substance used as a fungicide, effective August 19. EFSA reviewed the existing limits for zoxamide and recommended:

• lowering the MRL to the limit of quantification (0.01 mg/kg) for most products, including: fruits (citrus, pome and stone fruits), vegetables ((root, bulb, brassica, leafy, leguminous and stem), mushrooms, nuts, oilseeds and oil fruits, cereals, teas;
• raising the MRLs for tomatoes (2 mg/kg), eggplant (0.5 mg/kg), honey and other apicultural products (0.2 mg/kg);
• setting import tolerances at 0.7 mg/kg for garlic, onions and shallots.

Fenbuconazole and penconazole

On August 24 of this year, revised MRLs for fenbuconazole and penconazole residues in a number of food products will come into force (Commission Regulation (EU) 2025/195 of 3 February 2025).

Penconazole

Penconazole is a fungicide of the triazole group, used in the protection of plants against fungal diseases. It is primarily applied in the protection of orchard crops (apple and pear trees) and vineyards (to control powdery mildew in grapevines). It is also occasionally used in the cultivation of certain vegetables and greenhouse crops.

​​The changes of maximum residue levels for penconazole are the result of additional data provided to address gaps identified during the last MRL review. Based on the submitted data, EFSA decided to increase the existing limits for pome fruit, plums, and blackberries and raspberries. On the other hand, MRLs for apricots, peaches, and grapes were lowered to safe levels established on the basis of the new residue trials.

Product	Current MRL (mg/kg)	Planned MRL (mg/kg)
Pome fruits (apples, pears, quinces, medlars, loquats and Japanese medlars)	0,01 – 0,15	0,3
Apricots	0,08	0,07
Peaches	0,15	0,07
Plums	0,09	0,15
Grapes (table and wine)	0,5	0,4
Blackberries and raspberries	0,1	0,4

Fenbuconazole

Fenbuconazole is the triazole group fungicide (similar to penconazole, but with a broader spectrum of activity), mainly used for the protectionof cereal crops, and less frequently in the protection of fruit trees.

• The key planned changes include:reduce the MRL to 0.01 mg/kg for: apricots, plums, grapes (both table and wine), bananas, peppers, cucurbits (such as cucumbers, zucchini, melons, watermelons, etc.), peanuts, certain oilseeds and cereals (sunflower, rapeseed, rye, wheat, barley), products of animal origin (milk, cattle, sheep, goats, horses);
• adjustment to Codex Alimentarius CXL levels for: grapefruit, oranges and peaches (reduction the MRL to 0.5 mg/kg), as well as for tea (raising the limit from 0.05 to 30 mg/kg).

Clothianidin and thiamethoxam

Insect decline is a global phenomenon caused by multiple factors, one of which is the use of pesticides. In particular, the neonicotinoid group has been identified as posing a threat to bees.Since pollinators play a key role in supporting ecosystems and global food production, food and feed consumed in the EU should not contribute to the global decline of pollinators – regardless of whether these products are produced within the Union or imported from third countries.

For this reason, Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/334 of 2 February 2023 amending Annexes II and V to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards maximum residue levels for clothianidin and thiamethoxam in or on certain products was adopted. The regulation lowers the maximum residue levels for these two neonicotinoids to the technical zero level of 0.01 mg/kg.

For the first time, the regulation lowering MRLs is based on environmental grounds. The new limits will apply from March 2026 to allow operators from third countries, particularly developing and least-developed countries, sufficient time to adapt to the new requirements.

We will soon publish the third and final part of the series.

 

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Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 February 2005 on maximum residue levels of pesticides in or on food and feed of plant and animal origin, as amended – establishes maximum levels for pesticide residues (MRLs) in food and feed in the European Union. It aims to ensure a high level of consumer health protection by setting permitted concentrations of pesticides in food products. The regulation governs both monitoring and procedures for evaluating new substances, as well as changes to MRLs.

What is an MRL?

The content of possible pesticide residues in food is regulated by Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs). An MRL is the maximum legal concentration of a pesticide residue in or on food and feed determined from the results of supervised field trials in which the pesticide was applied in accordance with Good Agricultural Practices (GAP).

It is important to note that the MRL is a marketing standard – not a toxicological reference value, exceeding which carries health risks.

In the European Union, MRLs for pesticides are establishedby the European Commission after a detailed assessment involving the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the member states.

What are the sources of Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) for pesticides and why do these limits change over time?

Maximum residue levels (MRLs) for pesticides in the European Union are primarily established based on: good agricultural practices (GAPs), toxicological data evaluated by EFSA, scientific opinions at renewals of approvals of active substances of plant protection products, and procedures provided for in Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, as amended.

Changes to these limits occur because:

• every 10 years (or upon request), active substances are reapproved, which often leads to updates in toxicological reference values (such as ADI or ARfD), resulting in MRL adjustments;
• new active substances are approved, for which MRLs are established based on data provided by manufacturers;
• producers can apply to establish or revise MRLs to bring limits in line with agricultural practice and research results;
• import tolerances are established to ensure the smooth trade of goods from outside the EU while maintaining consumer protection;
• EFSA conducts periodic reviews of existing MRLs, and member states can request scientific opinions on pesticide residue risk assessment;
• additionally, once safety has been demonstrated, the EU may adopt CXL values from the Codex Alimentarius in order to harmonize international standards.

As a result, each of these mechanisms – from renewal of approvals, to requests from producers and countries, to adaptation of Codex Alimentarius standards – ensures that MRLs remain current and based on the latest scientific knowledge.

Fluxapyroxad, lambda-cyhalothrin, metalaxyl and nicotine

As of February 11, Commission Regulation (EU) 2025/115 of 21 January 2025 has been in force, amending Annexes II and III to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards maximum residue levels for fluxapyroxad, lambda-cyhalothrin, metalaxyl, and nicotine in or on certain products.

Fluxapyroxad

Fluxapyroxad is an active ingredient that effectively controls a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens in cereals and other food crops (e.g.: beets, apple, pear, cherry, cherry, peach, apricot, cucumber, zucchini, tomato, lettuce, strawberry, brassica plants).

The most important changes to the maximum residue levels for fluxapyroxad are an increase in the MRL for Kaki / Persimmon japonica, based on extrapolation of data from residue studies on apples, and an increase in the maximum level of fluxapyroxad for cultivated fungi (such as mushrooms).

Product	Previous MRL (mg/kg)	Applicable MRL (mg/kg)
Kaki/Japanese persimmons	0,01	0,2
Cultivatedfungi	0,01	0,3

Lambda-cyhalothrin

Also on February 11, new MRLs for lambda-cyhalothrin came into effect. Lambda-cyhalothrinis an insecticide from the synthetic pyrethroid group, mainly used to control harmful insects in agriculture, forestry, veterinary medicine and public health (e.g. thrips, potato beetles, caterpillars, mosquitoes, fleas, ticks, flies, cockroaches).

According to  Regulation (EU) No 2025/115 – for avocados, the MRL was raised, in response to an import tolerance request for the use of lambda-cyhalothrin in Mexico. And for poultry products (meat, fat, liver, kidney, edible offal), as well as eggs – the data assessment showed that residues exceeded the temporary MRLs established in 2018 due to the use of approved biocides. EFSA has proposed new, higher MRLs, which it has shown do not pose a health risk to consumers.

Product	Previous MRL (mg/kg)	Applicable MRL (mg/kg)
Avocados	0,01	0,15
Poultry products (muscle, fat, edible offal)	0,01	0,03
Birds eggs	0,01	0,02

Metalaxyl

The February MRL changes also included metalaxyl residues in pineapple and dried ginseng root. The change was introduced based on the Codex Alimentarius (CXL) values and a positive EFSA assessment, which confirmed no risk to consumers.

Product	Previous MRL (mg/kg)	Applicable MRL (mg/kg)
Pineapples	0,01	0,1
Ginseng (dried root)	0,05	0,06

Nicotine

Also as of February 11 of this year, the European Union has a new maximum residue level for nicotine in coffee beans, which has been set at 0.05 mg/kg to account for residues from potential sources other than pesticide use.

Prior to that date, coffee beans were not assigned a specific MRL on the EU list – a general default value of 0.01 mg/kg was then used. The new regulation has introduced a clearly defined MRL for this product category, which is important for producers and importers.

Cycloxydim, dichlorprop-P, flupiradifuron, phosphonic acid and its salts

As of April 17, amendments introduced by Commission Regulation (EU) 2025/581 of 27 March 2025 amending Annexes II and IV to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards maximum residue levels for cycloxydim, dichlorprop-P, flupyradifurone, methyl nonyl ketone, plant oils/citronella oil, potassium sorbate and potassium phosphonate in or on certain products are in force.

Cycloxydim

Cycloxydim is a selective herbicide from the cyclohexanone group, used to control grass weeds in broadleaf crops (e.g.: beets, soybeans, peas, beans, potatoes, fruit trees, ornamentals).

As of April 17, new maximum residue levels for cycloxydim in selected agricultural products took effect. The changes are the result of an application submitted by the German company BASF SE and a positive opinion from EFSA.

The MRL was raised in pome fruits such as apples, pears, quinces, medlars and Japanese medlars. Also, the limit was raised significantly for peas with pods. For maize and sugar beet root, the MRL was also increased.

Product	Previous MRL (mg/kg)	Applicable MRL (mg/kg)
Pome fruits (apples, pears, quinces, medlars and loquats/Japanese medlars)	0,09	0,4
Peas (with pods)	2	9
Maize/corn	0,2	0,3
Sugar beet roots	0,2	0,3

Dichlorprop-P

Dichlorprop is used to control both annual and perennial dicotyledonous weeds such as dandelion and field thistle. It is particularly effective in controlling the growth of these weeds in cereal crops such as wheat, barley, rye and oats.

​The April 17 change in maximum residue levels for dichlorprop-P in cereals resulted from a request by Nufarm Crop Products UK Ltd. The company asked the Italian national authority to raise the existing MRLs for dichlorprop-P in barley, oats, rye and wheat grains from 0.1 mg/kg to 0.15 mg/kg. The aim was to bring residue levels in line with intended agricultural practices, particularly the use of dichlorprop-P as a plant growth regulator.

The European Food Safety Authority conducted a risk assessment and concluded that both short-term and long-term intake of dichlorprop-P residues at higher levels does not pose a health risk to consumers.

Product	Previous MRL (mg/kg)	Applicable MRL (mg/kg)
Cereals (only: oats, barley, rye, wheat)	0,1	0,2

Flupiradifuron

On April 17, revised maximum residue levels for flupiradifuron in selected products took effect.

The amendments follow the submission of two applications to establish new MRLs, including the establishment of import tolerances. The applicants submitted data showing that the use of this active substance authorized in Australia, Brazil and the United States, results in residues exceeding the MRLs established in Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, as amended, and that higher MRLs should be imposed to prevent trade barriers to imports of these crops.

Key changes:

• import tolerances have been established for: “other” citrus fruits, stone fruits, mangoes, papaya, sesame seeds, millet, oats, rye;
• CXL values for flupiradifurone in pineapple (0.3 mg/kg) and sunflower seeds (0.8 mg/kg) were adopted;
• MRLs were raised for: “other” small fruits and berries (except blueberries), leafy brassica vegetables (except kale), edible herbs and flowers, swine commodities (except muscle), and honey;
• the MRL for kale was lowered from 5 to 4 mg/kg.

Fosetyl and phosphonic acid and its salts

As of 17 April  2025, the previous definition of Fosetyl-Al (the sum of fosetyl, phosphonic acid and their salts, expressed as fosetyl) has been replaced by the new Phosphonic acid and their salts expressed as phosphonic acid.

The basis for these changes are two European Commission Regulations 2024/2619 of 8 October  2024 and 2025/581 of 27 March  2025. Under them, the residue definition for fosetyl aluminum (fosetyl-Al), potassium phosphonates and disodium phosphonates was revised, and the maximum residue levels for these substances in selected food products were updated.

The change in definition is intended to better reflect the actual level of residues in food and to facilitate monitoring. The new definition focuses solely on phosphonic acid and its salts, eliminating the previous reference to fosetyl.

Phosphonic acid can come not only from the use of crop protection products (such as fosetyl aluminum ), but also from fertilizers, plant growth promoters and soil additives containing potassium and disodium phosphonates. Therefore, it was necessary to adjust the MRL to cover all potential sources of residues. Based on updated scientific data and risk assessment, EFSA recommended adjusting the MRL accordingly. Depending on the product and the level of risk, the limits were raised in some cases and lowered in others.

Napropamide, pyridaben and tebufenpyrad

Commission Regulation (EU) 2024/2609 of 7 October 2024 amending Annex II to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards maximum residue levels for napropamide, pyridaben and tebufenpyrad in or on certain products, has been in effect since April 28.

Napropamide

Napropamide is a selective soil-appliedherbicide from the amide group, used mainly for the control of annual broadleaf weeds and some grasses in agricultural, vegetable and orchard crops.

​The changes to the maximum residue levels for napropamide, which went into effect April 28, are the result of a review by EFSA. During this review, data gaps were identified that were necessary for establishing safe MRLs for certain products. Despite the additional information provided by the applicant, EFSA found it insufficient for some products and recommended lowering the MRLs to the  quantification level (LOQ) – the lowest level that can be detected by the most modern and reliable analytical methods.

The products covered by this change are listed in the table below.

Product	Previous MRL (mg/kg)	Applicable MRL (mg/kg)
“Other” small fruits and berries (blueberries, cranberries, currants, gooseberries, rose hips, elderberries)	0,02	0,01
Herbs and edible flowers (chives, celery leaves, parsley leaves, sage, rosemary, thyme, basil, bay leaves, tarragon)	0,05	0,02

Pyridaben

Pyridaben is a plant protection product from the acaricide and insecticide group, mainly used in agriculture and horticulture to control pests, especially mites (such as spider mites) and some sucking insects such as aphids.

At the end of April, changes  to the maximum residue levels for pyridaben in selected food products were also introduced.

For pome fruit, apricots, peaches and beans in pods, it was decided to lower the MRL.

For products of animal origin (muscle, fat, edible offal), it was decided to lower the limit of quantification from 0.05 to 0.01 mg/kg, in view of the fact that currently available analytical techniques allow lower levels of quantification.

Product	Previous MRL (mg/kg)	Applicable MRL (mg/kg)
Pome fruits (apples, pears, quince, medlars, loquats and others)	0,9	0,15
Apricots, peaches	0,3	0,01
Beans (with pods)	0,2	0,01
Products of animal origin (muscle, fat, edible offal)	0,05	0,01

Tebufenpyrad

Tebufenpyrad is an insecticide and acaricide, mainly used in greenhouse and orchard crops to control spider mites and mites. It is used to protect a wide range of crops, including: citrus, stone fruits, grapevines, vegetables and soybeans.

As of April 28, the maximum residue levels for tebufenpyrad in five food products have been lowered. The changes follow EFSA’s assessment and are related to the lack of some data.

For apricots, peaches and table grapes, the MRLs was lowered. However, for beans with pods and hops, complete studies were not provided, making it impossible to assess the risk, so the new MRL was set at the level of quantification.

Product	Previous MRL (mg/kg)	Applicable MRL (mg/kg)
Apricots, peaches	0,4	0,3
Table grapes	0,6	0,4
Beans (with pods)	0,3	0,01
Hops	1,5	0,05

We encourage you to read the second part of the article – available here.

 

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